Ethiopia
Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia
Current Population (Live)
Annual Growth Rate: +2.46%
With a population of roughly 112 million, Ethiopia ranks among the world’s 20 most populous countries. This landlocked territory spans 1.10 million km² with a density of 101 people per km². Its capital is Addis Ababa, and Amharic is the official language, while the Ethiopian birr serves as the national currency.
Population
111,652,998
Area
1,104,300 km²
Density
101/km²
World Rank
#14
Population Trend (1960-2050)
Historical data from 1960 to present with projections to 2050.
Annual Growth Rate by Period
Population growth has effectively stalled at 0% annually, suggesting the country is approaching or has reached a demographic plateau. A birth rate of 31.9 per thousand far outpaces the death rate of 6 per thousand, driving strong natural increase. A youthful age structure is evident: 39.1% of the population is under 15, while only 3.2% is over 65.
General Information
- Capital
- Addis Ababa
- Region
- Africa
- Subregion
- Eastern Africa
- Continent
- Africa
- Languages
- Amharic
- Currencies
- Ethiopian birr (Br)
- Calling Code
- +251
- Top-Level Domain
- .et
- Landlocked
- Yes
- UN Member
- Yes
- Timezones
- UTC+03:00
Population Details
- Total Population
- 111,652,998
- Land Area
- 1,104,300 km²
- Population Density
- 101 per km²
- Annual Growth Rate
- +2.46%
- Annual Growth
- +2,746,664 people
- Daily Growth
- +7,525 people
- World Population Share
- 1.38%
- Coordinates
- 8.00°, 38.00°
Global Population Share
Demographics & Economy
A GDP per capita of just $1.1k classifies Ethiopia as a low-income economy, well below the global average of $12.5k. Unemployment sits at 3.3%, below the global average of 5.8%. The Gini index of 31.1 indicates a moderate level of income inequality.
Life Expectancy
67.3 years
GDP per Capita
$1,134
Birth Rate
31.9 per 1,000
Death Rate
6.0 per 1,000
Urban Population
23.6%
Fertility Rate
3.99 births/woman
Infant Mortality
35.7 per 1,000
Unemployment
3.3%
Literacy Rate
60.5%
Internet Users
16.7%
Under 15
39.1%
Over 65
3.2%
Health Spending
2.8% GDP
Gini Index
31.1
Age Distribution
0-14 years
43.6M
15-64 years
64.4M
65+ years
3.6M
Urbanization
Only 23.6% of the population lives in urban areas, reflecting a predominantly rural way of life that shapes access to services and markets. Addis Ababa, the capital, anchors a broader network of metropolitan centers that drive economic activity. Net inward migration of 24054.0 per thousand is contributing to urban growth and reshaping community demographics.
26.4M
23.6%
85.3M
76.4%
Health & Education Indicators
Average life expectancy of 67.3 years is roughly in line with the global benchmark of 72.8. Infant mortality stands at 35.7 per thousand live births, somewhat lower than the global average. The literacy rate of 60.5% is below the world average, reflecting the current state of educational investment.
Life Expectancy
World avg: 72.8
Fertility Rate
World avg: 2.3
Infant Mortality
World avg: 27.5
Literacy Rate
World avg: 86.7
Internet Users
World avg: 63
Major Cities in Ethiopia
Ethiopia has 30 cities with a population over 100,000. Click on markers to see details.
Population Projections (2026-2050)
Near-zero growth suggests that Ethiopia is entering a period of demographic stability—or, depending on policy responses, the early stages of decline. As a United Nations member state, Ethiopia participates in global discussions on sustainable development that will shape its demographic future.
| Year | Projected Population |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 111,652,998 |
| 2030 | 122,472,302 |
| 2035 | 136,166,373 |
| 2040 | 149,991,416 |
| 2045 | 163,904,755 |
| 2050 | 177,881,696 |
Population History (1960-2026)
Year-by-year population data, growth rates, and trends for Ethiopia.
Largest Cities in Ethiopia
Explore the biggest cities and urban centers in Ethiopia by population.
Neighboring Countries
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Ethiopia?
The population of Ethiopia is approximately 111.7 million as of 2026, making it #14 in the world by population.
What is the capital of Ethiopia?
The capital of Ethiopia is Addis Ababa.
What languages are spoken in Ethiopia?
The main languages spoken in Ethiopia are Amharic.
How big is Ethiopia?
Ethiopia covers an area of 1,104,300 km² with a population density of 101 people per km².
Is Ethiopia growing or shrinking?
Ethiopia is growing at a rate of 2.46% per year, adding approximately 2,746,664 people annually.
What is the life expectancy in Ethiopia?
The average life expectancy in Ethiopia is 67.3 years.
What is the GDP per capita of Ethiopia?
The GDP per capita of Ethiopia is $1,134.