Luxembourg
Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
Current Population (Live)
Annual Growth Rate: +1.58%
Situated in Western Europe, Luxembourg has a population of approximately 677k—a modestly sized nation in population terms. This landlocked territory spans 2,586 km² with a density of 262 people per km². Its capital is Luxembourg, and official languages include German, French, and Luxembourgish, while the euro serves as the national currency.
Population
677,012
Area
2,586 km²
Density
262/km²
World Rank
#169
Population Trend (1960-2050)
Historical data from 1960 to present with projections to 2050.
Annual Growth Rate by Period
Population growth has effectively stalled at 0% annually, suggesting the country is approaching or has reached a demographic plateau. The gap between the birth rate (9.5 per thousand) and death rate (6.6 per thousand) has narrowed considerably. The population skews older, with 15.5% aged 65 or above and 15.8% under 15, signaling rising dependency ratios.
General Information
- Capital
- Luxembourg
- Region
- Europe
- Subregion
- Western Europe
- Continent
- Europe
- Languages
- German, French, Luxembourgish
- Currencies
- euro (€)
- Calling Code
- +352
- Top-Level Domain
- .lu
- Landlocked
- Yes
- UN Member
- Yes
- Timezones
- UTC+01:00
Population Details
- Total Population
- 677,012
- Land Area
- 2,586 km²
- Population Density
- 262 per km²
- Annual Growth Rate
- +1.58%
- Annual Growth
- +10,697 people
- Daily Growth
- +29 people
- World Population Share
- 0.01%
- Coordinates
- 49.75°, 6.17°
Global Population Share
Demographics & Economy
With a GDP per capita of roughly $138k, Luxembourg sits comfortably in the high-income bracket by World Bank standards. Unemployment sits at 6.3%, roughly in line with the global average of 5.8%. The Gini index of 33.6 indicates a moderate level of income inequality.
Life Expectancy
83.4 years
GDP per Capita
$137,782
Birth Rate
9.5 per 1,000
Death Rate
6.6 per 1,000
Urban Population
94.8%
Fertility Rate
1.25 births/woman
Infant Mortality
2.0 per 1,000
Unemployment
6.3%
Internet Users
98.8%
Under 15
15.8%
Over 65
15.5%
Health Spending
5.9% GDP
Gini Index
33.6
Age Distribution
0-14 years
107K
15-64 years
465K
65+ years
105K
Urbanization
Luxembourg is overwhelmingly urban: an estimated 94.8% of the population lives in cities, one of the highest rates in the world. Luxembourg serves as the administrative heart of the country and concentrates much of its commercial and civic life. Net inward migration of 5237.0 per thousand is contributing to urban growth and reshaping community demographics.
642,078
94.8%
34,934
5.2%
Health & Education Indicators
Life expectancy reaches 83.4 years, ranking among the highest globally and reflecting robust healthcare systems and living standards. Infant mortality is remarkably low at 2.0 per thousand live births, indicative of high-quality maternal and neonatal care. Health expenditure accounts for about 5.9% of GDP, shaping the reach and quality of medical services available to the population.
Life Expectancy
World avg: 72.8
Fertility Rate
World avg: 2.3
Infant Mortality
World avg: 27.5
Internet Users
World avg: 63
Population Projections (2026-2050)
Near-zero growth suggests that Luxembourg is entering a period of demographic stability—or, depending on policy responses, the early stages of decline. Below-replacement fertility of 1.3 births per woman means natural growth alone cannot sustain the current population level indefinitely. As a United Nations member state, Luxembourg participates in global discussions on sustainable development that will shape its demographic future.
| Year | Projected Population |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 677,012 |
| 2030 | 719,214 |
| 2035 | 772,160 |
| 2040 | 825,369 |
| 2045 | 878,919 |
| 2050 | 932,910 |
Population History (1960-2026)
Year-by-year population data, growth rates, and trends for Luxembourg.
Neighboring Countries
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Luxembourg?
The population of Luxembourg is approximately 677,012 as of 2026, making it #169 in the world by population.
What is the capital of Luxembourg?
The capital of Luxembourg is Luxembourg.
What languages are spoken in Luxembourg?
The main languages spoken in Luxembourg are German, French, Luxembourgish.
How big is Luxembourg?
Luxembourg covers an area of 2,586 km² with a population density of 262 people per km².
Is Luxembourg growing or shrinking?
Luxembourg is growing at a rate of 1.58% per year, adding approximately 10,697 people annually.
What is the life expectancy in Luxembourg?
The average life expectancy in Luxembourg is 83.4 years.
What is the GDP per capita of Luxembourg?
The GDP per capita of Luxembourg is $137,782.