Cuba
Republic of Cuba
Current Population (Live)
Annual Growth Rate: -0.27%
Cuba is a Caribbean country of around 9.75 million residents, placing it above the global median in population. The country extends across 109,884 km², translating to a density of 89 people per km². Its capital is Havana, and Spanish is the official language, while the Cuban convertible peso serves as the national currency.
Population
9,748,007
Area
109,884 km²
Density
89/km²
World Rank
#96
Population Trend (1960-2050)
Historical data from 1960 to present with projections to 2050.
Annual Growth Rate by Period
The population is currently contracting at a rate of -0% per year, pointing to deep structural challenges such as low birth rates and emigration. Deaths (10.2 per thousand) now equal or exceed births (8.7 per thousand), resulting in natural population decline. The population skews older, with 16.6% aged 65 or above and 15.3% under 15, signaling rising dependency ratios.
General Information
- Capital
- Havana
- Region
- Americas
- Subregion
- Caribbean
- Continent
- North America
- Languages
- Spanish
- Currencies
- Cuban convertible peso ($), Cuban peso ($)
- Calling Code
- +53
- Top-Level Domain
- .cu
- Landlocked
- No
- UN Member
- Yes
- Timezones
- UTC-05:00
Population Details
- Total Population
- 9,748,007
- Land Area
- 109,884 km²
- Population Density
- 89 per km²
- Annual Growth Rate
- -0.27%
- Annual Growth
- -26,320 people
- Daily Growth
- -72 people
- World Population Share
- 0.12%
- Coordinates
- 21.50°, -80.00°
Global Population Share
Demographics & Economy
GDP per capita stands at approximately $9.6k, placing the economy in the upper-middle-income category—below the global average of $12.5k. The labor market is notably tight, with unemployment at just 1.8%—well below the world average.
Life Expectancy
78.1 years
GDP per Capita
$9,605
Birth Rate
8.7 per 1,000
Death Rate
10.2 per 1,000
Urban Population
77.2%
Fertility Rate
1.44 births/woman
Infant Mortality
6.6 per 1,000
Unemployment
1.8%
Literacy Rate
97.7%
Internet Users
71.3%
Under 15
15.3%
Over 65
16.6%
Health Spending
9.4% GDP
Age Distribution
0-14 years
1.5M
15-64 years
6.6M
65+ years
1.6M
Urbanization
Urbanization is well advanced, with roughly 77.2% of the population residing in towns and cities, above the global mean of 56%. The capital, Havana, remains the primary hub for government and commerce. Net emigration of 22244.0 per thousand is thinning rural areas in particular, accelerating the concentration of population in cities.
7.5M
77.2%
2.2M
22.8%
Health & Education Indicators
Average life expectancy of 78.1 years is roughly in line with the global benchmark of 72.8. Infant mortality stands at 6.6 per thousand live births, significantly higher than the global average. The literacy rate of 97.7% is roughly in line with the world average, reflecting the current state of educational investment.
Life Expectancy
World avg: 72.8
Fertility Rate
World avg: 2.3
Infant Mortality
World avg: 27.5
Literacy Rate
World avg: 86.7
Internet Users
World avg: 63
Major Cities in Cuba
Cuba has 30 cities with a population over 100,000. Click on markers to see details.
Population Projections (2026-2050)
If current trends persist, Cuba's population will continue to shrink, intensifying labor shortages and increasing the burden on pension and healthcare systems. With 16.6% of the population already over 65, the aging challenge is likely to deepen in the decades ahead. As a United Nations member state, Cuba participates in global discussions on sustainable development that will shape its demographic future.
| Year | Projected Population |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 9,748,007 |
| 2030 | 9,645,125 |
| 2035 | 9,522,006 |
| 2040 | 9,404,228 |
| 2045 | 9,291,104 |
| 2050 | 9,182,055 |
Population History (1960-2026)
Year-by-year population data, growth rates, and trends for Cuba.
Largest Cities in Cuba
Explore the biggest cities and urban centers in Cuba by population.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Cuba?
The population of Cuba is approximately 9.7 million as of 2026, making it #96 in the world by population.
What is the capital of Cuba?
The capital of Cuba is Havana.
What languages are spoken in Cuba?
The main languages spoken in Cuba are Spanish.
How big is Cuba?
Cuba covers an area of 109,884 km² with a population density of 89 people per km².
Is Cuba growing or shrinking?
Cuba's population is declining at a rate of -0.27% per year.
What is the life expectancy in Cuba?
The average life expectancy in Cuba is 78.1 years.
What is the GDP per capita of Cuba?
The GDP per capita of Cuba is $9,605.