Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Current Population (Live)
Annual Growth Rate: +0.88%
Turkmenistan is a Central Asia landlocked nation of around 7.06 million residents, placing it above the global median in population. This landlocked territory spans 488,100 km² with a density of 14 people per km². Its capital is Ashgabat, and official languages include Russian and Turkmen, while the Turkmenistan manat serves as the national currency.
Population
7,057,841
Area
488,100 km²
Density
14/km²
World Rank
#107
Population Trend (1960-2050)
Historical data from 1960 to present with projections to 2050.
Annual Growth Rate by Period
Population growth has effectively stalled at 0% annually, suggesting the country is approaching or has reached a demographic plateau. Births occur at 21.7 per thousand against deaths at 5.8 per thousand, yielding a moderate natural surplus. The age distribution is relatively balanced, with 31.5% of residents under 15 and 4.5% over 65.
General Information
- Capital
- Ashgabat
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Central Asia
- Continent
- Asia
- Languages
- Russian, Turkmen
- Currencies
- Turkmenistan manat (m)
- Calling Code
- +993
- Top-Level Domain
- .tm
- Landlocked
- Yes
- UN Member
- Yes
- Timezones
- UTC+05:00
Population Details
- Total Population
- 7,057,841
- Land Area
- 488,100 km²
- Population Density
- 14 per km²
- Annual Growth Rate
- +0.88%
- Annual Growth
- +62,109 people
- Daily Growth
- +170 people
- World Population Share
- 0.09%
- Coordinates
- 40.00°, 60.00°
Global Population Share
Demographics & Economy
GDP per capita stands at approximately $6.9k, placing the economy in the upper-middle-income category—below the global average of $12.5k. Unemployment sits at 4.3%, below the global average of 5.8%. The Gini index of 40.8 indicates a moderate level of income inequality.
Life Expectancy
70.1 years
GDP per Capita
$6,857
Birth Rate
21.7 per 1,000
Death Rate
5.8 per 1,000
Urban Population
47.1%
Fertility Rate
2.69 births/woman
Infant Mortality
31.2 per 1,000
Unemployment
4.3%
Literacy Rate
99.9%
Internet Users
21.3%
Under 15
31.5%
Over 65
4.5%
Health Spending
5.5% GDP
Gini Index
40.8
Age Distribution
0-14 years
2.2M
15-64 years
4.5M
65+ years
320K
Urbanization
About 47.1% of the population is urban, indicating a society in the midst of a rural-to-urban transition. The capital, Ashgabat, remains the primary hub for government and commerce. Net inward migration of 13268.0 per thousand is contributing to urban growth and reshaping community demographics.
3.3M
47.1%
3.7M
52.9%
Health & Education Indicators
Average life expectancy of 70.1 years is roughly in line with the global benchmark of 72.8. Infant mortality stands at 31.2 per thousand live births, roughly in line with the global average. Near-universal literacy (99.9%) provides a strong foundation for workforce development and civic participation.
Life Expectancy
World avg: 72.8
Fertility Rate
World avg: 2.3
Infant Mortality
World avg: 27.5
Literacy Rate
World avg: 86.7
Internet Users
World avg: 63
Major Cities in Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan has 4 cities with a population over 100,000. Click on markers to see details.
Population Projections (2026-2050)
Near-zero growth suggests that Turkmenistan is entering a period of demographic stability—or, depending on policy responses, the early stages of decline. As a United Nations member state, Turkmenistan participates in global discussions on sustainable development that will shape its demographic future.
| Year | Projected Population |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 7,057,841 |
| 2030 | 7,307,888 |
| 2035 | 7,629,356 |
| 2040 | 7,961,356 |
| 2045 | 8,304,572 |
| 2050 | 8,659,690 |
Population History (1960-2026)
Year-by-year population data, growth rates, and trends for Turkmenistan.
Largest Cities in Turkmenistan
Explore the biggest cities and urban centers in Turkmenistan by population.
Neighboring Countries
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Turkmenistan?
The population of Turkmenistan is approximately 7.1 million as of 2026, making it #107 in the world by population.
What is the capital of Turkmenistan?
The capital of Turkmenistan is Ashgabat.
What languages are spoken in Turkmenistan?
The main languages spoken in Turkmenistan are Russian, Turkmen.
How big is Turkmenistan?
Turkmenistan covers an area of 488,100 km² with a population density of 14 people per km².
Is Turkmenistan growing or shrinking?
Turkmenistan is growing at a rate of 0.88% per year, adding approximately 62,109 people annually.
What is the life expectancy in Turkmenistan?
The average life expectancy in Turkmenistan is 70.1 years.
What is the GDP per capita of Turkmenistan?
The GDP per capita of Turkmenistan is $6,857.