Mongolia
Mongolia
Current Population (Live)
Annual Growth Rate: +1.47%
Situated in Eastern Asia, Mongolia has a population of approximately 3.54 million—a modestly sized nation in population terms. This landlocked territory spans 1.56 million km² with a density of 2.0 people per km². Its capital is Ulan Bator, and Mongolian is the official language, while the Mongolian tögrög serves as the national currency.
Population
3,544,835
Area
1,564,110 km²
Density
2/km²
World Rank
#133
Population Trend (1960-2050)
Historical data from 1960 to present with projections to 2050.
Annual Growth Rate by Period
Population growth has effectively stalled at 0% annually, suggesting the country is approaching or has reached a demographic plateau. Births occur at 19 per thousand against deaths at 5.5 per thousand, yielding a moderate natural surplus. The age distribution is relatively balanced, with 32.2% of residents under 15 and 5.1% over 65.
General Information
- Capital
- Ulan Bator
- Region
- Asia
- Subregion
- Eastern Asia
- Continent
- Asia
- Languages
- Mongolian
- Currencies
- Mongolian tögrög (₮)
- Calling Code
- +976
- Top-Level Domain
- .mn
- Landlocked
- Yes
- UN Member
- Yes
- Timezones
- UTC+07:00, UTC+08:00
Population Details
- Total Population
- 3,544,835
- Land Area
- 1,564,110 km²
- Population Density
- 2 per km²
- Annual Growth Rate
- +1.47%
- Annual Growth
- +52,109 people
- Daily Growth
- +143 people
- World Population Share
- 0.04%
- Coordinates
- 46.00°, 105.00°
Global Population Share
Demographics & Economy
GDP per capita stands at approximately $6.8k, placing the economy in the upper-middle-income category—below the global average of $12.5k. Unemployment sits at 5.2%, roughly in line with the global average of 5.8%. The Gini index of 31.4 indicates a moderate level of income inequality.
Life Expectancy
72.1 years
GDP per Capita
$6,751
Birth Rate
19.0 per 1,000
Death Rate
5.5 per 1,000
Urban Population
71.0%
Fertility Rate
2.70 births/woman
Infant Mortality
11.4 per 1,000
Unemployment
5.2%
Literacy Rate
98.6%
Internet Users
83.0%
Under 15
32.2%
Over 65
5.1%
Health Spending
6.1% GDP
Gini Index
31.4
Age Distribution
0-14 years
1.1M
15-64 years
2.2M
65+ years
182K
Urbanization
Urbanization is well advanced, with roughly 71% of the population residing in towns and cities, above the global mean of 56%. Ulan Bator serves as the administrative heart of the country and concentrates much of its commercial and civic life. Extremely low population density means that settlements are widely dispersed, raising logistical hurdles for infrastructure and public service delivery.
2.5M
71.0%
1.0M
29.0%
Health & Education Indicators
Average life expectancy of 72.1 years is roughly in line with the global benchmark of 72.8. Infant mortality stands at 11.4 per thousand live births, significantly higher than the global average. The literacy rate of 98.6% is roughly in line with the world average, reflecting the current state of educational investment.
Life Expectancy
World avg: 72.8
Fertility Rate
World avg: 2.3
Infant Mortality
World avg: 27.5
Literacy Rate
World avg: 86.7
Internet Users
World avg: 63
Major Cities in Mongolia
Mongolia has 1 cities with a population over 100,000. Click on markers to see details.
Population Projections (2026-2050)
Near-zero growth suggests that Mongolia is entering a period of demographic stability—or, depending on policy responses, the early stages of decline. As a United Nations member state, Mongolia participates in global discussions on sustainable development that will shape its demographic future.
| Year | Projected Population |
|---|---|
| 2026 | 3,544,835 |
| 2030 | 3,750,693 |
| 2035 | 4,009,181 |
| 2040 | 4,269,323 |
| 2045 | 4,531,609 |
| 2050 | 4,796,609 |
Population History (1960-2026)
Year-by-year population data, growth rates, and trends for Mongolia.
Largest Cities in Mongolia
Explore the biggest cities and urban centers in Mongolia by population.
Neighboring Countries
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the population of Mongolia?
The population of Mongolia is approximately 3.5 million as of 2026, making it #133 in the world by population.
What is the capital of Mongolia?
The capital of Mongolia is Ulan Bator.
What languages are spoken in Mongolia?
The main languages spoken in Mongolia are Mongolian.
How big is Mongolia?
Mongolia covers an area of 1,564,110 km² with a population density of 2 people per km².
Is Mongolia growing or shrinking?
Mongolia is growing at a rate of 1.47% per year, adding approximately 52,109 people annually.
What is the life expectancy in Mongolia?
The average life expectancy in Mongolia is 72.1 years.
What is the GDP per capita of Mongolia?
The GDP per capita of Mongolia is $6,751.